Raising the Efficiency of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil Production by Applying Organic Low Economic Value

Abstract

A field experiment was undertaken at the Nubaria Agricultural Research Station farm in two consecutive years, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. (Calcareous soil). The goal of this study was to improve the poor state of calcareous sand loamy soil, increase its efficiency, and convert the negative impact of certain by-products, such as sugar beet waste (low economic value), on pollution into a positive impact on agricultural soil qualities. The effect and residual effect of different organic amendments (sugar beet waste (S.B.W.), compost (Comp), sugar beet waste 50 percent combined with compost 50 percent application under two different tillage practices of tillage surface (P1) and deep tillage (P2) on some soil hydro-physical and chemical properties, as well as canola and sunflower seeds yields tonfed-1, were investigated. In the first and second years for surface tillage P1, employing (S.B.W) in combination with compost treatment yielded the greatest values of O.C percent. 83 percent and O.C.F 17.7 percent, respectively. The addition of diverse organic amendments had a substantial influence on each of the hydro-physical and chemical parameters, such as USC and Db, with the lowest values for Db being 1.29 in the second winter season, highlighted by S.B.W. mixed with compost treatment. Applying the same treatment under deep tillage technique (P2) 2.79, 2.8 USC for two summer seasons, respectively, yielded the lowest USC value. The application of mixed sugar beet with compost treatment resulted in the greatest mean values for Kh (cmh-1), I.R (mmh-1) and porosity percent, which were 3.92 P2 Kh (cmh-1), 6.94 P2 I.R (mmh-1) and 50 P2 E percent for both winter seasons. Data indicated that when
various organic amendments were applied to big aggregate size fractions >2mm (by percentage), the aggregate sizes dispersion tended to increase. In comparison to the control treatment, 4.05 percent S.B.W, 13.76 percent Comp, and 15.8 percent combination S.B.W with compost treatments were found. For both surface and deep tillage, the greatest values for aggregate state and degree owing to treatment (Comp and S.B.W) were about 72.88 percent aggre. state and 76.6 percent aggre. Degrees also account
for 42 percent of aggre. state and 47.95 percent of aggre. degrees, respectively. The greatest mean A.S.I values were achieved using the (Comp and S.B.W) treatments with P1 (0.82) and P2 (0.7), respectively. Which were thought to be excellent A.S.I. Conversely, the largest seed yields of canola or sunflower plants were achieved with the application of S.B.W mixed with Comp. by both surface and deep tillage, yielding 1.19 (P1), 0.981 (P2) ton fed-1 of canola plant and 1.56, and 1.51ton fed-1 of sunflower plant, respectively. For both surface and deep tillage, however, both S.B.W and Comp. treatments, either alone or in combination, resulted in significantly higher R.I.Y than the control. However, for improved yield and water consumption, more effort of organic amendments with low economic value on economic and ecological sides should be considered.