Effect of Drainage and Fertilization on the Faba Bean Crop in the Clay Soil

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at North Nile Delta, Kafr El-Shiek Governorate, Egypt (31°22′ 53″ N latitude and 30°31′ 15″ E longitude) in two consecutive winter seasons 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, to examine the effect of distance from drain line (above drain line, 7.5m and 15m distance from drain line) and type of fertilization (mineral, organic and bio fertilizer) on some soil physio-chemical properties, quality yield and yield component of faba bean crop. Results indicated that: Above the drain line, both soil salinity and water table salinity decreased more than they did 7.5 and 15 meters away from the drain line. Above drain, the relationship between soil salinity and distance from drain line is more strong. The soil bulk density was lower above the drains than in that between drains. The average bulk density for the first season were 1.23, 1.30 and 1.34 g cm-3 for above drain line, 7.5m and 15m distance between the drain lines, respectively. For the second season, the equivalent figures were 1.14, 1.16, and 1.21 g cm-3. Fine capillary pores (FCP) were found to be lower near the drains and to grow far from the drains, while quickly drainable pores (QDP) and slowly drainable pores (SDP) were found to be greater above the drain and to progressively decrease towards the midway between drains. Above drains the
mean values of QDP, SDP and FCP are 12.55, 10.80 and 18.16%, respectively. 11.64, 9.89, and 21.83% are the equivalent values at 7.5m distances from drains line; 9.68, 9.76, and 24.81% are the corresponding values at 15m distances from drains line. A modest drop in pH values was observed. The greatest available N, P and K content in soil were raised up to 65.1, 10.66 and 644 mg/kg after 1st and
up to 70, 13.2 and 600.6 mg/kg after 2nd harvesting season, respectively for organic fertilizer. Yields of faba beans were lower far from drain line than they were above it. The major grain yield were 13.13, 12.61 and 12.37 ardabfed-1 for above drain line, 7.5m and 15m distance from drain line for two seasons, respectively. The corresponding main values of straw yield were 3.74, 3.25 and 2.3 ton fed-1,
respectively. A highly increase in yield and yield component (number of pod per plant, number of seed per pod, weight of hundred seed, seeds and straw yield) of faba bean result of mineral fertilization. Increases in nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) of faba bean seeds were seen across all treatments. Based on the results of the current study, the combinations between distance above drain line and mineral fertilizer are considered as superior increasing faba bean crop output and quality requires enhancing the soil's biological and chemical qualities.