A Study of the Effect of Dietary Intake on the Health Status of Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a complex physiological process during which the woman's body undergoes significant adjustments in response to fetal demand, maternal nutrient supply, and hormonal changes. Maternal nutritional status plays a crucial role in shaping the developmental environment of the fetus, which consequently affects the birth weight of the newborn. Aim of the study: Assess the nutritional status of pregnant women, to examine the relationships between nutritional status and demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. The ultimate goal is to improve their lifestyle, food habits, and overall health. Subjects and Methods: Across-sectional descriptive study included 180 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic in ministry of health hospitals and health units in kufr Elsheikh Governorate. Data was collected using a food frequency questionnaire to identify their dietary patterns, and a 24-hour recall questionnaire to evaluate the actual daily intake of nutrients. Results: Nutrients significantly lower than the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for most nutrients. However, the intake of zinc, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, and riboflavin was satisfactory. The diet of all pregnant women was deficient in calcium. The mean intake
of energy, protein, iron, and magnesium was satisfactory, but the mean intake of carbohydrate was significantly lower than the DRIs values. The weight gain during the second and third trimesters was in the normal range (0-28) kg. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for guidance in selecting a balanced and healthy diet during pregnancy to ensure optimal maternal and fetal health.