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Oct-Dec, 2019


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Air Quality around Charcoal Making Kilns and the Potential Health Hazards

Omnya A. El-Batrawy

ABSTRACT: Charcoal making kilns use highly inefficient technology and release significant amounts of air emissions. This study was designed to characterize major air pollutants from traditional kilns located in New Damietta City, Damietta, Egypt and to valuate its potential health hazards. In-situ monitoring of PM10, CO, NO2, SO2 and NH3 emissions were determined. Moreover, Heavy etals in PM10 (Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd) were analyzed. Measurements were supplemented by a questionnaire on the possible health effects of charcoal production. Assessment of air quality monitoring data demonstrated that all emissions from charcoal kilns exceeded the prescribed limit as stipulated in EEAA. CO was found to be the most elevated level during emission followed by PM10. Among the heavy metals, the highest concentration was found to be Pb followed by Ni. The charcoal workers are exposed to high emissions generating a potential health risk. Pollution prevention strategies as well as public awareness might be sensible and valuable approaches to decrease hazardous air emissions around charcoal kilns areas.

[ FULL TEXT PDF 180-188 ] DOI: 10.36632/ije/2019.8.4.4

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Environmental Assessment for Soils and Plants Irrigated From Canal Bani Ghalib Assiut Governorate Egypt

Sherif A.E.A.

ABSTRACT: Irrigation water always carry substances derived from its natural environment or from the waste products of different activities (domestic and industrial effluents). The present study was carried out on Bani Ghalib canal, Assiut Governorate, Egypt to assess the environmental risks of inorganic pollutants and microbial pollutants to be introduced in soil and some vegetable and crop irrigated from this canal. Canal water, soil and plant samples were collected from different sites along canal during winter and summer seasons of 2017. The obtained results indicated that, all macro, micro elements and heavy metal concentrations under study in water samples were below permissible limits. In both winter and summer seasons available Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu Pb in soils were higher than the permissible limits; while Cd, Co and Cr were lower permissible limits; available B and Ni were moderate concentration. The content of elements in different plants were high for Fe, Cr and Co; moderate for Mn; moderate to high for Zn, Cu and Ni; while were low for B, Cd and Pb. Concerning, (TSS), (COD) and (BOD) (mgL-1) in water and total coliform, fecal coliform and salmonella & shigella in water and soil were higher than permissible limits; Also, plant microbial contamination was above allowable limits, which could cause a lot of diseases to humans. Contamination factor was very high for Cd. Degree of contamination was moderate to high in all sites. Modified degree of contamination suggested that low degree in all sites at winter season except Menkab site while in summer season was low degree of contamination at Madabegh and Hadaia sites. The values of Pollution lod index were found to be generally (PLI < 1) in all sites except Mangabad site in winter. En richment factor was low values for each of Mn, Zn, B, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb in all sites at two seasons, except Mn, Cr and Ni at Al Hadaya site in winter season; Cr and Ni in summer season were moderate; while Cd was high to very high at different sites. The bio-concentration factor was very high (>1) for all plants grown in the soil affected by irrigation water; which considered hyper-accumulator for (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Cd, Co Cr and Ni) at winter and summer seasons. Regard to (BCF), the for Pb was less than 1 for Alfa Alfa, Cabbage, Onion, Elephant forage, Eggplant and BCF (>1) at Wheat, Garlic, Arugula , Okra and Maize plants.

[ FULL TEXT PDF 189-209 ] DOI: 10.36632/ije/2019.8.4.5

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Effect of Nano bio-selenium and mineral selenium, ascorbic acid and salicylic acid on vegetative growth and fruit yield of pea plants grown under sandy soil conditions

El-Sawy S.M., Z.F. Fawzy, A.M. El-Bassiony and S.M. Mahmoud

ABSTRACT: Two field experiments were conducted in the Experimental Station of National Research Centre, El-Noubaria region, Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to investigate the effect of foliar application of Nano bio- selenium, mineral selenium (Se), ascorbic acid (AA) and salicylic acid (SA) on vegetative growth, chemical contents and fruit yield and quality of pea plants. The experiment treatments (Nano bio-Se at 30 ppm, mineral Se at 40 ppm, ascorbic acid at 100, 150 and 200 ppm, salicylic acid at 100, 150 and 200 ppm and control "water spraying") were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Results illustrated that the studied treatments showed superiority in vegetative growth and yield production of pea plants compared to the control. Nano bio- Se and SA (150 ppm) treatments produced the highest vegetative growth parameters (plant length, number of leaves and stems per plant and fresh weight of leaves and stems per plant) compared to the other treatments. Pea plants which treated by Nano bio-Se and AA (200 ppm) treatments as a foliar application produced the highest significant values of yield per plant (g) and total yield per fedden (ton). Whereas, mineral Se and control treatments significantly increased the N percentage in the leaves and pod of pea plants, there were no significant differences among the studied treatments for P % in the leaves and pod, during the two seasons. The control and AA (200 ppm) treatments significantly outperformed the other tested treatments for the K percentage in the leaves and pod of pea plants. It could be recommended that using Nano bio-Se (30 ppm) or ascorbic acid (200 ppm) as a foliar application, two times per season would maximize the yield production of pea plants grown under sandy soil conditions.

[ FULL TEXT PDF 210-221 ] DOI: 10.36632/ije/2019.8.4.6

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