April-June 2020
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Effect of Arginine on Growth Characters of Two Maize Hybrids under Water
Deficit conditions
Amal G. Ahmed, Nabila M. Zaki and Hassanein M.S.
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were carried out at private farm Wadi El-Rayyan, El-Fayoum
governorate, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to study the effect
of skipping one irrigation with or without arginine on growth characters of two maize hybrids (Fine
Seeds- 101 and T.W. 329). Normal irrigation gave the highest value in all growth characters under
study followed by omitting the 5th irrigation + 200cm3/ fed., arginine. Fine Seeds- 101 cultivar
significantly surpassed T.W. 329 cultivar in plant height (cm), total dry weight / plant (g), number of
ear /plant, leaf area (dm2), leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight in
both seasons. The interaction between maize cultivars and water shortage with or without arginine
were significant in all growth characters in both seasons except leaf area (dm2) and leaf area index.
The best treatment for plant height (cm), total dry weight / plant (g), number of ear /plant, leaf area
ratio, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight was normal irrigation + Fine seeds- 101. Also, the
best treatment was omitting 5th irrigation + 200 cm3 / fed., arginine with Fine Seeds- 101 cultivar for
plant height (cm), total dry weight / plant (g) and leaf area ratio.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 168-172 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.16
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Selenium Behavior in the Soil, Water, Plants and its Implication for Human health.
A review
El-Sayed A.A., M.A Abou Seeda, A.A Yassen, A. Khater and Sahar M. Zaghloul
ABSTRACT Selenium (Se) is proved an essential trace element in the nutrition of humans, animals, and some
bacteria, however, it is considered as a beneficial element that have the potential to influence the
antioxidant activity systems of the higher plants, showing beneficial to toxic characteristics in a narrow
concentration range. Nonetheless, its essentiality for plants is still controversial. Some regions of the
world present high Se levels in soils causing several functional disorders and diseases in plants and
people who live in seleniferous regions. Selenium is playing among other functions a relevant role in
the antioxidant system of mammals, but lead to toxicity when taken in excessive amounts. Adsorption
capacity of Se on soils is affected by soil characteristics such as pH, mineralogy and texture, organic
matter content and Se chemical form, redox condition, and interactions with other ions. Behavior of Se
in plants was chemically similar to sulfur, hence taken up inside the plants via sulfur transporters present
inside root plasma membrane, metabolized via sulfur assimilatory pathway, and volatilized into
atmosphere. Inadequate Se levels in the soil and human body is a well-known concern in many parts of
the world. This malnutrition problem is often due to Se-poor diet; probably because of the low Se
availability in soils where plants are growing, which are consider the main source of dietary Se.
However, paradoxically some regions of the world present high Se levels in soils causing several
functional disorders and diseases in people who live in seleniferous areas. Therefore, selenium should
be supplied in controlled amounts to avoid harmful effects, taking into account the importance of the
soils as a way to ensure the adequate Se supply for the population. This review has dealt with Se
behavior in soil environment and plants, its presence in water and its relevance for plant growth and the
human health.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 173-197 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.17
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Importance of sulfur and its roles in Plants physiology: A Review
Abou Seeda M.A., Abou El-Nour E.A.A., Yassen A.A., Gad Mervat M. and Sahar M.
Zaghloul
ABSTRACT
Sulfur is one of the most versatile elements in life. It functions in fundamental processes such as electron
transport, structure, and regulation. In plants, additional roles have developed with respect to
photosynthetic oxygen production. Sulfate uptake, reductive assimilation, and integration into cysteine
and methionine are the central processes that direct oxidized and reduced forms of organically bound
sulfur into its various functions. Sulfite reductase (SIR) is a key enzyme in higher plants in the
assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. The reduction of SIR activity caused chlorotic and necrotic
phenotypes in tobacco leaves, but with varying phenotype strength even among clones and increasing
from young to old leaves. The levels of downstream metabolites were reduced, such as cysteine,
glutathione (GSH) and methionine. This metabolic signature resembles a sulfate deprivation phenotype
as corroborated by the fact that O-acetylserine (OAS) accumulated. In addition, chlorophyll contents,
photosynthetic electron transport, and the contents of carbohydrates such as starch, sucrose, fructose,
and glucose were reduced. Amino acid compositions were altered in a complex manner due to the
reduction of contents of cysteine, and to some extent methionine. Interestingly, sulfide levels remained
constant indicating that sulfide homeostasis is crucial for plant performance and survival
[ FULL TEXT PDF 198-231 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.18
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Cryopreservation of Mulberry (Morus spp.) Germplasm
Ahmed Abd El-Wahab El-Homosany and Mina Samaan Farag
ABSTRACT:The aim of this study is to preserve the dormant buds and shoot tips of mulberry as germplasm
due to its economic, nutritional and medicinal importance. Dormant buds of white and black mulberry
were collected in winter (mid-January and mid-February) from mature trees and desiccated for 24 hrs,
then placed in the aluminum foils and directly plunged in liquid nitrogen (LN) for an hour. Bud burst,
shoot formation and rooting percentages were measured 8 weeks after planting on a mixture of
peatmoss: sand (1: 1 by volume). Shoot tips of the two cultivars were cryopreserved using plant
vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) at 0°C for 0, 30, 45 and 60 min and directly plunged into LN or
without LN treatment. Shoot regrowth percentage was determined after eight weeks on full strength
MS medium with 0.5 mgl-1 BA. Results indicated that the highest shoot formation percentage
(33.33%) was observed with dormant buds taken in mid-February. Whereas, the dormant buds taken
in mid-January failed to form shoots (00.00%). Black mulberry recorded the highest shoot formation
and rooting percentages (46.66 and 83.33% respectively) when cryopreserved in mid-February. On
the other hand, the highest regrowth percentages of vitrificated shoot tips were achieved after 30 or 45
min duration (50.00% for both durations) with PVS2 of black mulberry and after 30 min duration
(41.66%) with PVS2 of white mulberry without using liquid nitrogen in all cases.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 232-239 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.19
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Efficacy of Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) Fortification on Liver Functions Rats
with Induced Hypothyroidism
Heba H. Mohammed, Naeem M. Rabeh and Mohammed H. Haggag
ABSTRACT:
The aim of the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of coconut oil fortification
on rats with induced hypothyroidism. Thirty adult male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley strain), weighing
about (200±10g) were divided randomly into two main groups as follow: the first group (-ve control=
6 rats) was fed on basal diet. The second group (24rats) were fed on basal diet and injected with 6-npropyl-
2-thiouracil (PTU) (10 mg/kg Body weight i.p.) for 15 days to induce hypothyroidism , then
divided into 4 subgroups from group 2 to group 5. Supgroup 2 (+ve control) fed on basal diet.
Supgroups 3, 4 and 5 fed on basal diet fortified with 5, 7.5 and 10% coconut oil, respectively. At the
end of the experimental period (six weeks), animals were scarified for blood collection. Thyroid
hormones (FT3 and FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) were
determined. Hypothroidismic rat which fed on diet fortified with coconut oil at the different levels
had significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum TSH, liver function enzymes and MDA levels and had
significant (P<0.05) increase in serum thyroid hormones (FT3 and FT4) and CAT compared with +ve
control group. It can be suggested that fortification with coconut oil could be used as a suitable
therapy for hypothyroidism patients.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 240-250 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.20
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The protective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Bael (Aegle marmelos) Leaves against Cisplatin Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Walaa N. Hassan, Ahmed A. Ameen and Maha M. Mohamed
ABSTRACT:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Bael (Aegle
marmelos) leaves against cisplatin (Cis) induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in Rats. Forty- two
adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (average body weight was 200±10 g) were divided randomly into six
groups as follow: group 1: negative control, was fed on basal diet and received appropriate volumes of
saline intragastrically. Groups 2 and 3 were received Aegle marmelos aqueous extract (AMAE) by
dose 400 or 700 mg /kg body weight, p.o, respectively. Group 4: positive control, was injected with
Cis (7mg/kg boy weight i.p) to cause acute hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in rats. Groups 5 and 6
were treated with AMAE by dose 400 or 700 mg /kg, respectively and injected with Cis. At the end of
the experimental period (4 weeks), rats were scarified and serum was collected for biochemical
analyses. The administration of Cis resulted in significant elevation in serum activity of aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Also serum urea and creatinine levels
were significantly elevated whereas serum total proteins and albumin were significantly reduced. This
effect was accompanied with increased levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), along with significant elevation of hepatic and renal malondialdehyde
level (MDA) and significant reduction in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the same organs
as compared with negative control. Treatment with AMAE prior to Cis produced protective effects
and attenuated these biochemical changes. The protective effects of AMAE were more pronounced
for the high dose. In conclusion, Pretreatment with Aegle marmelos extract led to a significant
attenuation of the liver and kidney injuries induced by Cis. The protective effects of AMAE might be
ascribable to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 251-263 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.21
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Utilization of Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS Imagery for Geologic Mapping of El Sid and
Fawakhir Ancient Gold Mines Area, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt
Gehad M.R. Mansour
ABSTRACT:
The base and precious metals and industrial minerals which are a focus of interest for mining
companies, do not attract attention unless clear exploration targets are apparent from geological
mapping or reconnaissance surveys. Therefore, the development of reconnaissance methods to assist
in locating these lower value deposits is needed. This paper examines the use of modern Landsat 8
remote sensing imagery as rapid, low-cost aims to explore and revising the previous works in the
ancient gold mines El Sid and Fawakhir in the Fawakhir area as a model to use in the Golden
Triangular Project (Qena-Safaga-Quseir) and similar arid areas. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager
(OLI) data on visible (VIS), near-infrared (NIR) and Thermal Infrared (TIR) bands have been
enhanced using image fusion with a high spatial resolution panchromatic band of the same data set. A
data fusion technique is presented for geological mapping in arid environments, Hue, Saturation, and
Value (HSV), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to the fused (HSV) image for mapping
rocks of the Fawakhir area in the Central Eastern Desert (CED) of Egypt. A revised geological map of
the study area is proposed based on the interpretation of Landsat 8 image results, previousworks,
spectroetry measurements and field confirmation. Also, establish a distribution map for the N-S and
NNW image-lineament that previously mentioned by many authors as expected gold-bearing trends. It
is concluded that the proposed methods have great potential for geological mapping in the arid regions
and can be generalized in the Golden Triangular Project.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 264-278 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.22
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A Knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients regarding obesity hazards:
Salih M. Abdulrrsziq, Miftah S. M. Najem
ABSTRACT:
Background: There’s few studies from Libya assessing the level of Knowledge, attitude and Practice
of diabetic patients toward the hazards of Obesity. Evidence from several studies indicates that
obesity and weight gain are associated with an increased risk of diabetes (Jafar et al., 2006). Weight
reduction has been shown to markedly improve blood glucose control and vascular risk factors
associated with insulin resistance in obese individuals with DM (Andre, 2003). Methods: It was a
cross sectional study involving 308 diabetic patients from the outpatient department of Sidi-Hussein
Diabetic clinic in Benghazi-Libya. A questionnaire was constructed in English language by the
researcher. Each patient was interviewed by an intern doctor in a private setting. Abdominal
circumference, body weight and height of the individuals were measured. Body mass index “BMI”
was calculated. Data analyzed by SPSS 21.0 for Windows and chai-square was done when
appropriate. Result: Among them 35.7% were male, 64.7% were female, 26.5% were illiterate, 83.1%
were married and 89.5% were non-smokers. Obesity was found in 36.3% of male and 68.1% of
female. Overall 57.2% of male patients have high abdominal circumference (>=102), while 65.1% offemale patients have high abdominal circumference measurements (>=88). BMI was significantly
associated with patient’s gender (P=0.000) and occupation (P=0.010). Conclusion: There’s an
increase need for making more educational programs focusing on hazards of obesity among the
diabetic patients to empower them to transfer their knowledge, attitude and practice. The health care
community, researchers and policy makers need more attention toward obesity among diabetic
patients in Libya. Recommendations: There is a need for developing and making education programs
focusing on the knowledge, attitude and practice of the diabetic patients about hazard of obesity.
Improving knowledge of the patient will delay the onset of complications of their diabetes.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 279-287 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.23
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Suspected Cases of Corona Virus at Tobruck Medical Center in Eastern Part of Libya
Nasren G. S. Al-Fraik, Miftah S.M. Najem, Khadeejah M. A. Al-Khurum and Sarah
S. Khalleefah
ABSTRACT: Since December 2019, Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), a new emerging infectious disease
occurred in Wuhan, has spread all over the world and WHO has declared that the infection is
“Pandemic” and No country and region can be considered safe. Little is known about the
epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19. We retrospectively focus
on clinical characteristics of suspected cases of covid-19 in pediatric Intensive Care Unit and Pediatric
Department at Tobruck medical center in January 2020. 98 children involved in our study, 51% were
females, with age mean 3.286 + 3.726, all patients were Libyan and 82.6 % from Tobruck city. 15.3%
presented with positive family history of same illness, 23.4% with chronic diseases and 54 % admitted
in 1st two weeks of January. 95.9 % presented with dry cough, 75.5% with shortness of breath, 60.2 %
with high grade fever, 24.4% with headache, 94.8 % with loss of appetite and increasing sleep time in
53 %. Lymphopenia was reported in 43.8%, C - reactive protein positive in 44.8 %. 73.4 %treated
with cefotaxime followed by 30.6 % azithromycin, ampicillin 25.5% and cefitriaxone in
15.3%.Steroids was used in 18.3%of patients. Oxygen therapy was used in 71.4 % of patients. C-x ray
with bilateral infiltrations reported in 71.4%, unilateral infiltration in 17.3%. Length of hospital stay
was range (1-13 days). 96.9% of studied children discharged in good general condition. These results
may be similar to what is happening in the world and these children may have been infected with
covid-19 in the previous January without being diagnosed or suspected. This is may explain why no
any case reported in Tobruck city and neighboring cities in Eastern part of Libya.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 288-294 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.24
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Fungi Influence in the Bio-removal of Chromium Ions from Chemical Laboratories
Wastewater
Wessam M. Morsi, Eglai A. Ghoniemy, Tarek F. Mohammaden, El-Shahat M.
Ramadan, Mai M. lkhawaga and Mohamed M. Rezk
ABSTRACT:
Four fungal and one bacterial isolate were isolated from a liquid waste sample of Nuclear
Material Authority laboratories. Those dried biomasses were screened for chromium (Cr) adsorption,
where the most potent isolate was identified as Aspergillus niger. Using Cr synthetic solutions many
factors (time, concentration, pH and temperature) were investigated for controlling the biosorption
process. Aspergillus niger was examined by ESEM-EDX and the FTIR techniques before and after
the sorption process, also the adsorption data were handled by different kinetics and isotherm models.
The application on the real liquid waste revealed that the bio-uptake capacity was 52mg/g for Cr.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 295-311 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.25
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Radiographic evaluation of two different implant-supported prosthesis for the
edentulous mandible
Mahmoud A.G. Eldin, Enas T.I. Darwish
ABSTRACT:
Objectives: the aim of this study is to compare hybrid implant and the conventional implant as
reguard marginal bone change surrounding three implants in each group of patient. Materials and
Methods: Fourteen completely edentulous patients were selected having completely edentulous upper
and lower arches, divided into two groups. Group A: having hybrid dental implants-supported
overdenture edentulous mandible. Group B: having conventional diameter dental implants supported
overdenture edentulous mandible. In the selected groups, the implants were placed in the midline and
canine regions. Radiographic evaluation was performed during the follow-up period by using
panoramic radiographic records. The results were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed to
evaluate the effect of the types of implants on marginal bone height changes. Results: data obtained
from the present study showed that there was no significant difference in bone height change in both
groups. Within the limitation of this study: It was concluded that: I. In elederly patients, treatment
plan with three implants was suggested over two implants for suffient support and force equalization
and distribution on mandibular overdenture. II. There were no significant difference between both
groups treated with different dental implants diameter, and the mean marginal bone height loss was
within limit.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 312-320 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.26
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Approach for Highly Active Baker`s Yeast Product from Distilled Yeast Biomass
Fadel M., Yousif, E.S., Abdelfattah, Abdel kareem, Ola S.S. Mohamed and Sarra
Eid
ABSTRACT:
Background: Baker’s yeast is an essential ingredient of many cereal-based products, and a
fundamental element to ensure a reproducible production process and a high quality product to meet
the demands of producers and consumers. Its primary role is the production and release of carbon
dioxide (CO2) gas, through the alcoholic fermentation of sugars, which develops the crumb structure
and provides bread loaf volume. Yeast also contributes to the typical bread flavor and is a nutritional
complement and a functional ingredient of bread and baking products Result: A study were
performed to improve distilled yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( by product of ethanol production
from sugar cane molasses) in Egyptian distillery factories to apply as a baker,s yeast. After the yeast
biomass was removed at the end of fermentation period for ethanol production .Promising results have
been attained for improving the raising power by subjective yeast biomass to successive washing.
Furthermore, significant increases in yeast yield, total viable cells, total solid matter (TSM), protein
content, trehalose gassing power, accompanied by marked reduction in ash content of cells were
gained when the culture conditions of yeast cells were optimized i.e. nitrogen source , phosphorus,
magnesium, zinc and biotin as well as pH, temperature and aeration . Comparative studies and
chemical analysis on the revived resulting cells have shown that the new product exhibited typical
baker`s yeast properties with regard to livening power, protein and ash content of cells as well as the
number of the active viable cells per gram of the product. The obtained yeast biomass was comparable
to standard baker,s yeast .The results were discussed in the light of application feasibilities in
production of baker`s yeast in alcohol distillation factories. Conclusion: Yeast biomass of S.
cerevisiae the byproduct of distilled industry which subjected stress during alcoholic fermentation
affected fermentative activity can be activated to use as a baker’s yeast in bakery industries.
Promising results have been attained for improving the raising power by subjective yeast biomass to
successive washing. Furthermore, significant increases in yeast yield, total viable cells, total solid
matter (TSM), protein content, trehalose gassing power, accompanied by marked reduction in ash
content of cells were gained when the culture conditions of yeast cells were optimized i.e. nitrogen
source , phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and biotin as well as pH, temperature and aeration
[ FULL TEXT PDF 321-334 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.27
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An Economic Study of Marjoram Exports in Egypt
Hiba Y. Abdelfattah, Fatima A. Shafiq, Monia B. Hassan and Haitham B.A. Hassan
ABSTRACT:
The state policy conspicuously aims to expand the export of agricultural commodities in general
and non-traditional in particular. This is in addition to open new markets for Egyptian exports of these
commodities. Therefore, it has become necessary to conduct an economic study concerned with the
exporting side of these crops in order to benefit in drawing the optimal policies for exports that should
be followed when exporting. Moreover, the study aims to study the external markets imported
marjoram and identify the most important factors affecting its Egyptian exports in its most important
external markets. This is in addition to evaluating the price flexibility of the crop to determine the
most important policies to be followed in order to increase the export share. Through studying the
development of Egyptian exports of the marjoram crop, it becomes obviously clear that there is an
annual increase in both the quantity and the value of exports by about 42.9 tons, 7.38 thousand dollars
annually, while the export price is decreasing by about 25.9 dollars. Besides, it is obvious from the
study of the geographical distribution of Egyptian exports of marjoram that Poland represents the first
imported market of this crop by about 783.5 tons, representing about 24.4% of the total amount of
exports. It represents about 21.7% of the value of exports at a mean price per ton by about 1723
dollars during the period (2008 - 2018). It is followed by the German market, by 19.5% in relation to
the quantity, and representing about 20.9 % in relation to value and mean export price by about
2088% dollars / ton. Here, this ratio of the quantity of exports to Arab markets was only about 4.9%,
with an average export price of about 1609 dollars / ton
[ FULL TEXT PDF 335-339 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.28
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Production and Evaluation of Gluten Free Balady Bread
Mostafa S.M.T.M., Rizk I.R.S., Kishk Y.F.M. and Siham M.M. Faheid
ABSTRACT:
From the point of an increasing demand for improvement the quality of gluten-free Balady
bread (GFBB), the objective of this study was to investigate this demand by using gluten free mixture,
i.e. white corn flour (WCF), rice flour (RF) and potato starch (PS) at different ratios Also, soy protein
isolate (SPI) was used as a rich source of protein. Psyllium husk (PsH) and carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC) were used as binding agents as a trials to reach the specifications of the quality of wheat
Balady bread. The proportional of WCF, RF, PS and SPI were optimized for production of GFBB
with 2.5% PsH or 2.5% CMC. Physic-chemical, staling, and sensory properties of GFBB bread
formulation were estimated. Results show that the protein content of GFBB was gradually decreased
with the increasing level of PS, where the GFBB which produced from 45% WCF + 45% RF + 10%
SPI and 37.5% WCF+37.5% RF+15% PS=10%SPI significantly (P ≥ 0.05) recorded the higher value
of protein and the lower value of nitrogen free extract (NFE) compared to WF (control). The highest
value of lightness (L* value) for crust color was observed by the sample produced from 100% WCF.
The psyllium husk showed high quality properties compared to CMC concerning physical and sensory
characteristics, where no significant difference could be observed between the GFBB containing 2.5%
PsH and the Balady bread prepared from 100% WF (82% ext.) in terms of specific volume of bread,
whereas the GFBB samples containing 2.5% CMC showed lower quality attributes which gradually
improved with increasing level of PS. Also, the samples containing PsH were more resistance to
staling compared the others which containing CMC. On the other side, the more of GFBB containing
PsH showed higher values of sensory parameters with no significant differences compared to the
Balady bread produced from 100% WF especially for crust color, separation of layers, texture, taste
and overall acceptability.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 340-349 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.29
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Extraction and Recovery of Uranium (VI) from Sulfate Leach Liquor of Gebel Gattar Granites Eastern Desert, Egypt using Di-octylamine
Hassan S. El-Gendy
ABSTRACT:
A uranyl sulfate leach liquor of Gebel Gattar sample deposits ore was subjected to uranium
extraction using the liquid- liquid technique. Uranium was effectively extracted from sulfate leach
liquor by 0.2M di-octylamine (DOA) dissolved in kerosene as a diluent. The extraction efficiency was
markedly enhanced as the concentration of DOA increases from 0.05 to 0.5M. The relevant factors
controlling the extraction process of uranium using di-2-octyle amine were studied. These factors
include the effect of DOA concentration, contact time, pH value and phase ratio (A/O) v/v. Under the
optimum conditions, more than 91 % of uranium was extracted by 0.2M DOA, at contact time 30 min,
phase ratio (VA/VO) 1/1 at pH 2 and at room temperature. The feasibility of using the DOA for preconcentration-
separation of uranium was assessed by stripping studies. The loaded uranium onto
DOA has been stripped by 89% using 1.5 M HNO3 as an efficient stripping agent at 15 min contact
time, and phase ratio (O/A) 1/1.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 350-359 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.30
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A Revolution in Tooth Regeneration and Evaluation in Dental, Practice. A Review
Gamal Eldeen Zulhemma Elsharkawy
ABSTRACT: Recently, therapeutic strategies for tooth regeneration have shifted to cell-based approaches.
Embryologically, teeth are ectodermal organs derived from sequential reciprocal interactions between
oral epithelial cells and cranial neural crest–derived mesenchymal cells. Teeth are a unique and
complex organ and composed of both hard (dentin and enamel) and soft (pulp and periodontium)
tissues. Throughout life, healthy teeth have a number of different types of stem cells that play a key
role in the regenerative capacity of this tissue. Tooth loss is the most common organ failure. Can a
tooth be regenerated? Can adult stem cells be orchestrated to regenerate tooth structures such as the
enamel, dentin, cementum and dental pulp, or even an entire tooth? If not, what are the therapeutically
viable sources of stem cells for tooth regeneration? Do stem cells necessarily need to be taken out of
the body, and manipulated ex vivo before they are transplanted for tooth regeneration? How can
regenerated teeth be economically competitive with dental implants? Would it be possible to make
regenerated teeth affordable by a large segment of the population worldwide? The typical treatment
for irreversibly inflamed/necrotic pulp tissue is root canal treatment. As an alternative approach,
regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate dental pulp-like tissues using two possible strategies: cell
transplantation and cell homing. The former requires exogenously transplanted stem cells, complex
procedures and high costs; the latter employs the host’s endogenous cells to achieve tissue
repair/regeneration, this review article explores existing and visionary approaches that address some
of the above-mentioned questions. Tooth regeneration represents a revolution in dentistry and
stomatology as a shift in the paradigm from repair to regeneration: repair is by metal or artificial
materials whereas regeneration is by biological restoration. Tooth regeneration is an extension of the
concepts in the broad field of regenerative medicine to restore a tissue defect to its original form and
function by biological substitutes
[ FULL TEXT PDF 360-368 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.31
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Preparation and Evaluation of Pan Bread Made with Wheat flour and Psyllium
Seeds for Obese Patients
El-Hadidy G. S.
ABSTRACT:
In this covenant of functional foods, the world seeks for new healthier food products with
appropriate proportions of bioactive constituents such as fiber, mineral elements, amino acids and
phenols. The psyllium seed has good nutritional and pharmaceutical properties; therefore, its
incorporation in pan bread could be beneficial in improving human health. In the current study, partial
substitution of wheat flour (WF) with psyllium seed flour (PSF) at levels of 5%, 10% and 15% were
carried out to investigate the rheology properties of dough, baking performance, proximate
compositions and physical properties of the pan bread. Partial substitution of WF with PSF increased
the water absorption, arrival time and developing time of dough (P ≤ 0.05), while, the dough
extensibility was reduced. Also, elasticity and energy were increased by addition of PSF. Pan bread
supplemented with PSF resulted in a reduction in quality in terms of specific loaf volume, while,
weight was increased. PSF up to 15 % could partially replace WF in pan bread; increase its nutritional
value in terms of fiber, amino acids content and minerals, with only a small depreciation in the bread
quality. Sensory evaluation showed that pan bread supplemented up to 15 % PSF were acceptable to
the panelists and there was significant difference in terms of appearance, crumb texture, crumb grain,
crust color, taste, odor and overall acceptability compared to the control. The incorporation of PSF
increased the minerals contents, amino acids contents and nutritional properties compared to the
control (for pan bread).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 369-380 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.32
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Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Formation of WaveOne Gold, Protaper
Gold and Manual files: an In vitro SEM Study
Mostafa Ali, Salma El Ashry, Amira Galal Ismail
ABSTRACT:
Aim: The purpose of this study is to compare smear layer formation between reciprocating
single file system WaveOne Gold, rotational multiple file system Protaper Gold and manual file.
Material and Methods: Forty eight lower central incisors with single straight canals were
selected to assess smear layer formation after instrumentation using manual file, WaveOne Gold and
Protaper Gold. Samples were divided into three groups (n=16) according to the instrument used for
preparation. They were divided into two halves. All specimens were coded for identification under the
environmental scanning electron microscope at 500x for each group, then the most representable area
of each third of the root was selected and magnified at 2000x. Evaluations were recorded for the
smear layer in the three levels of the canal (coronal, middle and apical) by means of numerical
evaluation scale described by Hulssman. The data were subjected to the non-parametric Kruskal-
Wallis test. P values were computed and compared with the P= 0.05. Results: All types of
instrumentation produced a significant amount of smear layer in the three levels of the canal.
Regarding the coronal and the apical third there were no statistically significant differences between
the three tested groups. In the middle third there was no statistically significant difference between the
WaveOne Gold group and the manual file group or the Protaper Gold group. However there was a
statistically significant difference between the manual file group and the Protaper Gold group.
Conclusion: Smear layer was formed in the three tested groups at different levels of the canals
regardless of the kinematics of the instrument with the manual file group revealing the least amount.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 381-386 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2020.9.2.33
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